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Source:- Google.com.pk
Define Mikrotik RouterOS
Mikrotikls Ltd., known internationally as MikroTik, is a Latvian manufacturer of computer networking equipment. It sells wireless products and routers. The company was founded in 1995, with the intent to sell in the emerging wireless technology market. As of 2007, the company had more than 70 employees. The company's products are known for being low-priced alternatives to expensive routers and Ethernet radio relay lines.
RouterOS
The main product of MikroTik is an operating system based on the Linux kernel, known as the MikroTik RouterOS. Installed on the company's proprietary hardware (RouterBOARD series), or on standard x86-based computers, it turns a computer into a network router and implements various additional features, such as firewalling, virtual private network (VPN) service and client, bandwidth shaping and quality of service, wireless access point functions and other commonly used features when interconnecting networks. The system is also able to serve as a captive-portal-based hotspot system.
The operating system is licensed in increasing service levels, each releasing more of the available RouterOS features. A MS Windows application called Winbox provides a graphical user interface for the RouterOS configuration and monitoring, but RouterOS also allows access via FTP, telnet, and secure shell (SSH). An application programming interface is available for direct access from applications for management and monitoring.
Features
RouterOS supports many applications used by Internet service providers, for example OSPF, BGP, Multiprotocol Label Switching (VPLS/MPLS), OpenFlow. The product is supported by Mikrotik through a forum and a wiki, providing assorted and thematic examples of configurations. RouterOS supports Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) as well as Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6).
The software provides support for virtually all network interfaces that the Linux kernel 2.6.16 supports, except wireless, where the Atheros and Prism chipsets are the only supported hardware, as of 3.x version.
Release history
RouterOS version 6: May 2013[1]
RouterOS version 5: Mar 2010
RouterOS version 4: Oct 2009
RouterOS version 3: Jan 2008
RouterBOARD
The company manufactures a series of integrated circuit boards, marketed under the name RouterBOARD, as well as accessory components which implement a complete hardware operating platform for RouterOS.
The RouterBOARD line, combined with RouterOS, is marketed at small- to medium-sized wireless Internet service providers, typically providing broadband wireless access in remote areas. Products include pre-assembled small office/home office (SOHO) routers, wireless 802.11n MIMO and TDMA devices for indoor and outdoor use, and also bare routers in form of printed circuit boards (PCBs) for integration into custom solutions. Also, the RouterBOARD line includes a series of Mini PCI and Mini PCI Express wireless adapters, supporting a range of IEEE 802.11 protocols, and designed to be used together with the router boards lineup.
Despite the fact in-house developed Linux kernel patches required for hardware support are not made publicly available by MikroTik,[2] many RouterBOARD boards and their versions are well supported by third-party Linux-based firmwares, notably OpenWrt.
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RouterBoard Diagram1
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RouterBoard Diagram 2
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RouterBoard Diagram 3
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RouterBoard Diagram 4
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In November 2012 MikroTik released the Cloud Core Router integrated unit which is based on the Tilera CPU supporting 16 - 36 CPU cores, 12 × 1000Base-T ethernets and up to 4 SFP (MiniGBIC) interfaces, as well as "fast-path" packet forwarding between interfaces (with claimed 24 million packets per second forwarding rate). This unit targets the medium-sized network providers as well as try to be a well priced alternative to the other more well known brands.
Use in developing IT markets
In 2004 a project begun to build low-cost Internet infrastructure in rural Mali. MikroTik routers and operating systems were chosen because of their low cost, flexibility, the fact that the system already had "a substantial user base in Mali", and had a user interface deemed "superior to other products".[12] MikroTik routers were also preferred for a WLAN project in Burkina Faso,[13] and MikroTik's proprietary Nstreme protocol performed better than IEEE 802.11 under the project's conditions.[14]
In 2008, the Municipality of Piripiri, Piauí State, Brazil, decided to use MikroTik routers exclusively to build the infrastructure for providing free Internet access.[15] MikroTik routers are also popular in the Czech Republic and Hungary, where they enjoy a good reputation.[16]
Under OLPC program, Uruguay deployed a nation-wide wireless network in schools. Probably the largest Mikrotik deployment in a country with a total population of 3 million.[citation needed] Approximately 200,000 students received a small laptop which connected to Mikrotik access points.
ITKiDuniyaa Explains Mikrotik RouterOS In Simple Words
MikroTik RouterOS is the operating system of MikroTik RouterBOARD hardware. It can also be installed on a PC and will turn it into a router with all the necessary features - routing, firewall, bandwidth management, wireless access point, backhaul link, hotspot gateway, VPN server and more.
RouterOS is a stand-alone operating system based on the Linux v2.6 kernel, and our goal here at MikroTik is to provide all these features with a quick and simple installation and an easy to use interface.
You can try RouterOS today, go to www.mikrotik.com and download the installation CD image. The free trial provides all of the features with no limitations. In the following pages you will find examples of some of the most important RouterOS features.
Configuration
RouterOS supports various methods of configuration - local access with keyboard and monitor, serial console with a terminal application, Telnet and secure SSH access over networks, a custom GUI configuration tool called Winbox, a simple Web based configuration interface and an API programming interface for building your own control application. In case there is no local access, and there is a problem with IP level communications, RouterOS also supports a MAC level based connection with the custom made Mac-Telnet and Winbox tools.
RouterOS features a powerful, yet easy to learn command-line configuration interface with integrated scripting capabilities.
• Winbox GUI over IP and MAC
• CLI with Telnet, SSH, Local console and Serial console
• API for programming your own tools
• Web interface
New in RouterOS v4 is the Lua scripting language, which opens up a multitude of approaches in automation and programming of your router.
Firewall
The firewall implements packet filtering and thereby provides security functions, that are used to manage data flow to, from and through the router. Along with the Network Address Translation it serves for preventing unauthorized access to directly attached networks and the router itself as well as a filter for outgoing traffic.
RouterOS features a stateful firewall, which means that is performs stateful packet inspection and keeps track of the state of network connections traveling across it. It also supports Source and Destionation NAT (Network Address Translation), NAT helpers for popular applications and UPnP.
The Firewall provides features to make use of internal connection, routing and packet marks. It can filter by IP address, address range, port, port range, IP protocol, DSCP and other parameters, also supports Static and Dynamic Address Lists, and can match packets by pattern in their content, specified in Regular Expressions, called Layer7 matching.
The RouterOS Firewall facility also supports IPv6.
Routing
RouterOS supports static routing and a multitude of dynamic routing protocols.
• For IPv4 it supports RIP v1 and v2, OSPF v2, BGP v4.
• For IPv6 it supports RIPng, OSPFv3 and BGP.
RouterOS also suppors Virtual Routing and Forwarding (VRF), Policy based routing, Interface based routing and ECMP routing. You can use the Firewall filter to mark specific connections with Routing marks, and then make the marked traffic use a different ISP.
Now with MPLS support added to RouterOS, VRF is also introduced. Virtual Routing and Forwarding is a technology that allows multiple instances of a routing table to co-exist within the same router at the same time. Because the routing instances are independent, the same or overlapping IP addresses can be used without conflicting with each other. VRF also increases network security. It is often used in, but not limited to MPLS networks.
MPLS
MPLS stands for MultiProtocol Label Switching. It can be used to replace IP outing - packet forwarding decision is no longer based on fields in IP header and routing table, but on labels that are attached to packet. This approach speeds up forwarding process because next hop lookup becomes very simple compared to routing lookup.
Efficency of forwarding process is the main benefit of MPLS. MPLS makes it easy to create “virtual links” between nodes on the network, regardless of the protocol of their encapsulated data.
It is a highly scalable, protocol agnostic, data-carrying mechanism. In an MPLS network, data packets are assigned labels. Packet-forwarding decisions are made solely on the contents of this label, without the need to examine the packet itself. This allows one to create end-to-end circuits across any type of transport medium, using any protocol.
Some of the supported MPLS features:
• Static Label bindings for IPv4
• Label Distribution protocol for IPv4
• RSVP Traffic Engineering tunnels
• VPLS MP-BGP based autodiscovery and signaling
• MP-BGP based MPLS IP VPN
VPN
To establish secure connections over open networks or the Internet, or connect remote locations with encrypted links, RouterOS supports various VPN methods and tunnel protocols:
• Ipsec – tunnel and transport mode, certificate or PSK, AH and ESP security protocols
• Point to point tunneling (OpenVPN, PPTP, PPPoE, L2TP)
• Advanced PPP features (MLPPP, BCP)
• Simple tunnels (IPIP, EoIP)
• 6to4 tunnel support (IPv6 over IPv4 network)
• VLAN – IEEE802.1q Virtual LAN support, Q-in-Q support
• MPLS based VPNs
This means that you can securely interconnect banking networks, use your workplace resources while travelling, connect to your home local network, or increase security of your wireless backbone link. You can even interconnect two branch office networks and they would be able to use each other’s resources, as if the computers would be in the same location - all secure and encrypted.
Wireless
A variety of Wireless technologies are suppored in RouterOS, the most basic of them being the wireless access point and client. If it’s a small hotspot network in your home, or a city wide mesh network, RouterOS will help you in all situations.
Some of the features supported by RouterOS:
• IEEE802.11a/b/g/n wireless client and access point
• Nstreme and Nstreme2 proprietary protocols
• Client polling
• RTS/CTS
• Wireless Distribution System (WDS)
• Virtual AP
• WEP, WPA, WPA2 encryption
• Access control list
• Wireless client roaming
• WMM
• HWMP+ Wireless MESH protocol
• MME wireless routing protocol
RouterOS also features the NStreme proprietary wireless protocol that allows to extend the connection range and speed, when using MikroTik routers at each end. This has helped to achieve the current non-amplified wifi link lenght world record in Italy. Also supported is NSteme dual which allows to use two antennas at each end, one for receiving and one for sending.
HotSpot
The MikroTik HotSpot Gateway enables providing of public network access for clients using wireless or wired network connections. The user will be presented a login screen when first opening their web broswer. Once a login and password is provided, the user will be allowed internet access. This is ideal for hotel, school, airport, internet cafe or any other public place where administration doesn’t have control over the user computer. No software installatin or network configuration is needed, hotspot will direct any connection request to the login form.
Extensive user management is possible by making different user profiles, each of which can allow certain uptime, upload and download speed limitation, transfer amount limitation and more.
Hotspot also supports authentication against standard RADIUS servers and MikroTik’s own User Manager which will give you a centralized management of all users in your networks.
• Plug-n-Play access to the Network
• Authentication of local Network Clients
• User Accounting
• RADIUS support for Authentication and Accounting
• Configurable bypass for non-interactive devices
• Walled garden for browsing exceptions
• Trial user and Advertisement modes
Quality of Service
Bandwidth Control is a set of mechanisms that control data rate allocation, delay variability, timely delivery, and delivery reliability.
Quality of Service (QoS) means that the router can prioritize and shape network traffic. Some features of MikroTik RouterOS traffic control mechanism are listed below:
• limit data rate for certain IP adresses, subnets, protocols, ports, and other parameters
• limit peer-to-peer traffic
• prioritize some packet flows over others
• use queue bursts for faster web browsing
• apply queues on fixed time intervals
• share available traffic among users equally, or depending on the load of the channel
RouterOS supports Hierarchical Token Bucket (HTB) QoS system with CIR, MIR, burst and priority support, and provides both advanced queuing, and also an easy solution for basic QoS implementation - Simple queues.
Web Proxy
RouterOS features a MikroTik custom made proxy server for caching web resources, and speeding up customer browsing by delivering them cached file copies at local network speed. MikroTik RouterOS implements the following proxy server features:
• Regular HTTP proxy
• Transparent proxy
• Access list by source, destination, URL and requested method (HTTP firewall)
• Cache access list to specify which objects to cache, and which not.
• Direct Access List to specify which resources should be accessed directly, and which - through another proxy server
• Logging facility
• SOCKS proxy support
• Parent proxy support
• Cache storage on external drives
RouterOS can also act as a Transparent Caching server, with no configuration required in the customer PC. RouterOS will take all HTTP requests and redirect them to the local proxy service. This process will be entirely transparent to the user, and the only difference to them will be the increased browsing speed.
Tools
To help administrating your network, RouterOS also provides a large number of small network tools to optimize your everyday tasks. Here are some of them:
• Ping, traceroute
• Bandwidth test, ping flood
• Packet sniffer, torch
• Telnet, SSH
• E-mail and SMS send tools
• Automated script execution tools
• CALEA data mirroring
• File Fetch tool
• Active connection table
• NTP Client and Server
• TFTP server
• Dynamic DNS updater
• VRRP redundancy support
• SNMP for providing graphs and stats
• RADIUS client and server (User Manager)
ITKiDuniyaa Explains Mikrotik RouterOS In Short Words
What is Mikrotik?
Mikrotik RouterOS is an Operating system (OS) which turns a normal x86 PC or Home PC to a dedicated router.It turn a regular PC to a bandwidth controller, Load balancer, Proxy Server, Bandwidth Shaper and much more…….It is used by many ISP’s and WISP’s.
About Mirkotik Company
Mikrotik is a Latvian Company which was formed in 1995,three years after my birth, to develop Routers and WISP System.Mikroitk is now providing Hardware and softwares to many countries across the world for Internet sharing. After getting a vast experience, Mikrotik introduced its own Operating System in 1997, two years after its formation, which provided extensive flexibility and controls for routing.
In 2002, Mikrotik introduced its own hardwares, at that time ROUTERBOARD Brand was born.Now mikrotik has countless Distributors across the world.
Some major distributors in Pakistan are:
Dreams Network and Technology (Pvt.) Ltd
ConnecTel
AGN Computers
Arham Compuetrs
Netbiz Communications (PVT.) Ltd
Mikrotech
It provides its services to many companies, some major companies are its clients:
HP
NASA
Motorola
Vodafon
Nokia
Siemens
British American Tobacco
Mitsubishi
Hardware Requirments:
Minimum Hardware requirments form mikrotik are:
Processor 850 Mhz
32 MB of RAM (2 GB Max suopported)
IDE, SATA, Flash Storage Meduims
Network cards supported by Linux Kernal v2.6
Supported Hardwares are
Switch Configuration Support features
you can download mikrotik os 5.18 from the following link which installed into pc and turn it into a router.
How To Install Mikrotik RouterOS (All Edition)
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In a recent post at itkiduniyaa.blogspot.com we wrote an introduction of Mikrotik. In that Post,we introduced Mikrotik with you and some of the features of it. From this post, we will discover Mikrotik from its depth and will talk on its configurations and functions.
The first step to taste Mikrotik is to install it on a PC or you can buy Mikrotik’s Routers.(Its routers have a pre-installed copy of Router OS).In this post we will discuss howto install Router OS in a PC.
In a recent post at itkiduniyaa.blogspot.com we wrote an introduction of Mikrotik. In that Post,we introduced Mikrotik with you and some of the features of it. From this post, we will discover Mikrotik from its depth and will talk on its configurations and functions.
The first step to taste Mikrotik is to install it on a PC or you can buy Mikrotik’s Routers.(Its routers have a pre-installed copy of Router OS).In this post we will discuss howto install Router OS in a PC.
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How To Install Mikrotik On A PC.
First Burn Mirkotik OS on a Blank CD and also make sure the CD is bootable.
The Mikrotik OS you will download is in an Image form so you just have to burn it on a Blank Disc as an image.
After burning the Disc,insert it in the PC you want to make a server.Make sure you changed the Boot settings of your PC in Bios Menu.
Now boot your pc(turn in your PC).
It will prompt you to a screen similar to this pic
How To Install Mikrotik On A PC.
First Burn Mirkotik OS on a Blank CD and also make sure the CD is bootable.
The Mikrotik OS you will download is in an Image form so you just have to burn it on a Blank Disc as an image.
After burning the Disc,insert it in the PC you want to make a server.Make sure you changed the Boot settings of your PC in Bios Menu.
Now boot your pc(turn in your PC).
It will prompt you to a screen similar to this pic
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Press “a” to select all packages or use space bar to select packages of your choice.
After selecting your desired packages, press “i” to install Mikrotik.
It will ask you,whether you want to keep the old config or not. Press “n” for No
In its next question, it will warn you that all data on this disc will be erased,Press “y” to continue
Press “a” to select all packages or use space bar to select packages of your choice.
After selecting your desired packages, press “i” to install Mikrotik.
It will ask you,whether you want to keep the old config or not. Press “n” for No
In its next question, it will warn you that all data on this disc will be erased,Press “y” to continue
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Pressing the “y” it will start installing Mikroitk OS in your PC
Pressing the “y” it will start installing Mikroitk OS in your PC
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Now press Enter to reboot……
Now press Enter to reboot……
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Insert Licence to Mikrotik OS
After installing Mikroitk OS, its time to register the product.
To register the product, buy a licence from Mikrotik’s Authorized dealer.
Access Mikrotik from Winbox.Click on system>Licence
Import your licence file and enjoy…….
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Insert Licence to Mikrotik OS
After installing Mikroitk OS, its time to register the product.
To register the product, buy a licence from Mikrotik’s Authorized dealer.
Access Mikrotik from Winbox.Click on system>Licence
Import your licence file and enjoy…….
Good
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